The Law on Trades and Professional Syndicates (1904)
A special law passed on January 23, 1904, established new rules for the organization of trades and professional syndicates in Bulgaria. This law was based on the experience gained under an earlier law on the same subject. Its main purpose was not only to support artisans but also to ensure fair organization, cooperation, and protection within each trade.
Purpose of the Law
The law encourages artisans and tradespeople to form separate guilds or corporations. These organizations help to:
Prevent unfair competition among workers in the same trade,
Improve the quality and reputation of their craft,
Create funds for mutual insurance, assistance, and small business loans, and
Promote cooperation and solidarity among artisans.
Through such organization, every craft or profession becomes more disciplined, transparent, and better able to protect its members’ interests.
Certificates and Professional Requirements
Under this law, no one may legally practise a trade without first obtaining a certificate issued by the syndic (head) of the relevant guild. To receive this certificate, the applicant must prove sufficient knowledge and skill in the trade they wish to pursue Tours Sofia.
This rule helps maintain professional standards and ensures that only qualified individuals work in each occupation, protecting both consumers and honest craftsmen.
Employers, Apprentices, and Contracts
Several clauses in the law deal with the relationship between employers and apprentices or pupils. It requires that all apprenticeships be based on written contracts that clearly state the rights and duties of both sides.
This system benefits everyone:
Employers are guaranteed a steady supply of well-trained apprentices, and
Apprentices are protected from mistreatment, overwork, or unfair dismissal by their masters.
Thus, the law builds a more stable and just working environment for young people learning a trade.
Improving Handicrafts and Technical Education
Another important goal of the 1904 law is to develop handicrafts and improve technical skills. It promotes the creation of technical schools, trade exhibitions, and competitions to encourage innovation and quality craftsmanship.
Many co-operative societies and mutual aid associations have grown out of the guilds’ initiatives. These institutions help workers save money, access credit, and support one another in times of need.
Future Improvements
While this law marked great progress for the organization of trades, more practical measures are still needed to improve the daily lives and working conditions of artisans. The hope is that the National Assembly will soon pass additional laws to strengthen the rights, education, and financial stability of Bulgaria’s skilled workers.