Philosophical Debates and Divine Nature
Moderation among Scholars Some scholars in Islamic history tried to understand God using careful reasoning but without following strict rules […]
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The Royal Mosques of Constantinople
The royal mosques of Constantinople are among the most famous and magnificent religious buildings in the empire. Some of the
Background A Time of Religious Change
In the early period of Islam, which the writer calls “Mahometanism,” the religion was still new and not yet strong.
Ambassadors from Distant Lands
Ambassadors from distant countries, whose main goal was to promote trade and commerce—such as those from England, France, and the
The Wealth and Danger of Egypt
In provinces like Egypt, Pashas could become extremely rich in a short time. Because of this great wealth, it was