Spiritual Practices and Beliefs of the Sufi Order
The Secret Prayer of the Convent Leader The leader, or Prior, of this religious convent taught his disciples a special […]
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Atheism Among the Turks
In this chapter, we will describe the various religions and sects among the Turks. It is not our main purpose
Religious Differences and Disputes Among the Turks
Even among people who share the same basic principles of religion, there is often a wide range of beliefs and
Protection of Christians
Christians living among Muslims must not be oppressed or mistreated. They should not be hated, forced to carry letters, show
The Turkish View of Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, the Turks did not make distinctions between different types of foreign representatives. Whether a person was
Greater Security for Trade and Property
The special rule requiring written proof brought great safety to trade and to the estates of merchants. Before this protection,